Improvement in oval-lathes



2 Sheets-Sheet 2., H. G. HEOK'ENDORN.

Oval Lathe. No. 222,901.

Patented Dec. 23,1879.

A d I 1 A i y N. PEKERS, FHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER. WASHNGTON D C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY C. HEOKENDORN, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND WILLIAM H. WILHELM,'OF SAME PLACE.

I'M PROVEM ENT IN OVA L-LATH E's.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 222,901, dated December 23, 1879; application filed October 2, 1879.

' tion.

The object of my invention is to construct a cheap, compact, and smoothly-running ovallathe; and this object I attain in the manner 1 which I will now proceed to describe, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section of my improved oval-lathe in the form which I prefer; Fig. 2, a transverse section on the line 1"2; Fig. 3, a front view of part of the lathe; and Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 2, diagrams illustrating modifications of the driving dev1ces.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, A is a pedestal, bolted at the base to a suitable foundation or bed, and having at the upper end the tubular bearing B for a shaft, D, which carries at the front end the disk a, and at the rear end a driving-pulley, b.

A spindle, F, extendslongitudinally through the shaft D, and is arranged eccentrically in respect to said shaft, as shown, the front end of the spindle being threaded for the reception of the confining-until and the blockw, to which an oval form has to be imparted. (See dotted lines, Fig. 1.) The rear end of the spindle F carries aflanged ring, 0, having an internal -rack,f, and into the teeth of said rack gear the teeth of a fixed pinion, g, the latter forming part of a plate, G, which is bolted to a frame, J, hung to the rear end'of the'bearing B.

belt is led, said frame is capable of turning on thebearing B, the frame being secured in position after adjustment. The securing of the frame to the bearing is effected by splitting the upper half of the frame longitudinally and adapting to said split portion a clamping-bolt,

j, on screwing up the nut on which the frame J is rigidly clamped to the bearln g.

011 rotating the shaft D the spindle F will,

of the shaft D. The result of this compound movement of the spindle F and its block a; is such that a tool properly applied to the said block a: will reduce the same to an oral form.

Steadiness and easy running of the lathe are effected partly by the ext ended bearings which are alibi-(led for the shaft D and spindle F, and partly by an unequal distribution of the weight in the disk a and pulley b. This will be understood in reference to Figs. 2 and 3, in which it will be seen that the web of the diska is cut away, so as to form openings 0 on one side of the center, the web being unbroken on the other side, while the rim of the pulley b is thicker at one part than at another. The unbroken web of the diskc and the thickened portion of the pulley b are. on that side.

of the center of the shaft D opposite the one i shaft being somewhat less than it is at the rear end. This feature is important in cases where the difference between the long and short diameter of the desired oval is but slight, for in such cases but little eccentricity of the spindle F is demanded, so that if said spindle were parallel longitudinally with the shaft D the pinion 9 would necessarily have to be so small in diameter as to lackthe requisite which the shaft D turns.

, strength. This objection is effectually overcome by the arrangement of the spindle at an angle in respect to the shaft.

Another advantage arising from this arran gementis,that the block produced is rounder or less oval in shape at the top than at the base a shape preferred by hat-makers.

The teeth of the pinion g and internal rack f should be slightly beveled, in order to gear properly onto each other when the spindle F is inclined.

The shaft D has an opening in line with the oil-cup m on the'bearing B, so that the oil from said cup lubricates both the shaft D and the spindle F. The parts to which oil are applied are protected, so that the access of dust and dirt to said parts is prevented and the latter kept in proper running order.

Although I have shown the system ofplanetary gearing comprising the internal rack f and fixed pinion g as the means for effecting the rotation of the spindle F, and although I prefer this arrangement 011 account of its compactness and simplicity, various plans may be adopted for effecting the desired movement of the spindle. Thus in Sheet 2 of the drawings I have shown thrle different systems of gearing, all of which accomplish the desired result.

In Fig. 4 the shaft D is driven from a counter-shaft, M, through the medium of cog-wheels n a, and the spindle F is likewise driven from said shaft M through the medium of cogwhecls s s and a connecting-rod, t, the latter being coupled to the spindle F and to the shaft of the cog-wheel s by universal joints, so as to permit the movement of the spindle around the axis of the shaft D without interfering with the proper driving of the same.

In Fig. 5 the eccentric spindle F carries a pinion, u, the teeth of which, as the spindle is carried round by the shaft, engage with the teeth of an internal rack formed in a tubular extension of the bearing B,'the result of this arrangement being to turn the spindle F on its axis in a direction the reverse of that in In a lathe of this character the arrangement of the spindle F at an angle enables me to reduce the size of the pinion u and of the recess which must be formed in the shaft D for the reception of said pinion.

The oval produced by this lathe has straight sides or sides slightly indented.

In Fig. 6 the eccentric spindle running through the shaft has been dispensed with, the spindle in this case forming part ofa cog-wheel, to, which is hung to an eccentric pin, z, proj ecting from an enlarged head, 1?, formed on the shaft D. The head P has an arm forminga bearing for a shaft which carries at each end a pinion, 3/, one of said pin-ions gearing into the cog-wheel w, and the other into a fixed rack, 22, formed on the end of the bearin g B. The effect of this arrangement is to turn the spindle F in the same direction as the shaft D.

Of course it will be understood that in all of the modifications just described the gearin g is so proportioned that the spindle F will be caused to turn butonce on its axis for every two revolutions of the shaft D 5 otherwise the work produced will not be oval in form, but .Will have an irregular shape, governed by the ratio of the speed of the spindle in respect to that of the shaft.

In Fig. 6 an adjustable counter-balance is 7 shown on the head P, this counter-balance bearing the relation to the spindle F as described above in reference to the disk at and pulley b.

I claim as my invention 1..The combination, in an oval-lathe, of a bearing, B, a shaft, D, a work-holding spindle carried by but arranged eccentrically in respect to said shaft, and gearing whereby the said spindle is caused to turn once on its own axis while it is being carried twice round the axis of the shaft D, all substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the bearing B, the

shaft D, adapted thereto, the eccentric work.-

holding spindle F, extending longitudinally through the said shaft, and devices, substantially asdescribed, whereby the within-described differential rotation of the shaft and spindle is effected, all substantially as set forth. a

3. The bearing B, the shaft D, and the eccentric spindle F, arranged at an angle in respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, in combination with gearing for operating the shaft and spindle, as specified.

4. The combination, in an oval-lathe, of a work-operating spindle, a rotary counterbalance-weight, and mechanism whereby the saidweight is caused to make two revolutions for each revolution of said work-operating spindle, all substantially as specified.

5. The combination of the bearing B, the shaft D and its pulley b, the plate G, and the parts carried thereby with the frame J, capable of turning on the bearing B, and provided. with means whereby it may be secured to the said bearing, all substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

H. G. HEOKENDORN. Witnesses:

ALEXANDER PATTERSON,

HARRY SMITH. 

